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Overview of veins in scala tympani. In this dissection, the osseous lamina and basilar membrane have been removed to provide a direct view into scala tympani (ST). The apical portion of the cochlea is shown in “A”. “B” shows the middle and upper basal turns. The arrows in “A” indicate the attachment zone of the basilar membrane and the brackets indicate the approximate area of the lower portion of the spiral ligament which contains the venules that drain the lateral wall tissues.

Higher power SEM view of modiolar wall.

Cross sections of the modiolus region showing veins coursing near the surface of the modiolar wall. In “A” the vein indicated by the arrow has a very thin covering of bone. In an adjacent section, shown in “B” , a similar vein (arrow) appears entirely exposed to the perilymphatic space. (In this case the vein does not contain RBC’s, but it certainly does appear to be a vein .) It would seem that such vessels might easily be injured by a perimodiolar electrode. OL, osseous lamina; SG, spiral

Dissection in which the osseous lamina and basilar membrane have been removed so as to show the modiolar wall in the basal cochlear turn of an osmium-stained specimen. Neural elements associated with the modiolar wall are well displayed. “G” indicates the spiral ganglion. Peripheral (P) and central (C) processes of spiral ganglion cells are seen emerging from the ganglion along the length of the basal turn. ST, floor of scala tympani. This preparation shows the same anatomical features

Cochlear dissection after insertion of a perimodiolar type electrode array (Advanced Bionics standard Helix). Segments of the osseous lamina and basilar membrane have been removed to more clearly show the array in scala tympani. The apical portion of the silicone carrier is darkened due to osmium staining. From Wright CG, Roland PS. Temporal bone microdissection for anatomic study of cochlear implant electrodes. Cochlear Implants International 2005;6(4):159-168. Copyright John Wiley

Cochlear dissection after insertion of an Advanced Bionics Thin Lateral electrode array designed to track the lateral wall of scala tympani. With this array, contacts are placed immediately beneath the basilar membrane. From Wright, CG, Roland PS, Kuzma J. Advanced Bionics Thin Lateral and Helix II electrodes: a temporal bone study. Laryngoscope 115(11);2005:2041-2045. Copyright Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Reproduced with permission. http://lww.com

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