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1 updated May 2025 FRDA fibroblasts Short alleles < 499 repeats Medium alleles 500 – 999 repeats Long alleles >1000 repeats B - indicates line established from a second, independent skin biopsy of the same individual nd - not determined Cell Line Sex Sampling Age Age of Onset GAA repeats Allele 1 Allele 2 4 M 30 11 597 848 21 M 35 8 622 738 50 M 33 13 353 616 66 M 70 41 110 590 68 F 21 7 570 1200 86 F 30 18 367 780 88 F 50 16 520 520 90 F 29 7 556 556

Guanosine tetra- and penta-phosphate–collectively known as (p)ppGpp–was discovered in the 1960s as a secondary messenger that signals starvation in bacteria.

Didactic Questions 1. Epimysium surrounds A. skeletal muscle fibers B. cardiomyocytes C. smooth muscle cells D. skeletal muscle fascicles E. skeletal muscles 2. Perimysium surrounds A. skeletal muscle fibers B. cardiomyocytes C. smooth muscle cells D. skeletal muscle fascicles E. skeletal muscles 3. Endomysium surrounds A. skeletal muscle fibers B. cardiomyocytes C. smooth muscle cells D. skeletal muscle fascicles E. skeletal muscles 4. Fascicles are A. groupings of

Micellization DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402525 Chaotropic-Anion-Induced Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Ionic Polymeric Micelles** Yang Li, Yiguang Wang, Gang Huang, Xinpeng Ma, Kejin Zhou, and Jinming Gao* Dedicated to Professor George M. Whitesides on the occasion of his 75th birthday Abstract: Traditional micelle self-assembly is driven by the association of hydrophobic segments of amphiphilic molecules forming distinctive core–shell nanostructures in water. Here we report a surprising

Kidney Practice Practical Questions: 1. Bowman's space 2. Bowman's capsule 3. Parietal epithelial cell 4. Mesangial cell 5. Glomerular capillary 6. Urinary pole 7. Vascular pole 8. Cell that senses filtrate osmolarity 9. Cell that produces renin 10. Nucleus of a proximal convoluted epithelial cell 11. Nucleus of a proximal straight epithelial cell 12. Nucleus of a loop of Henle epithelial cell 13. Nucleus of a distal straight epithelial cell 14. Nucleus of a distal convoluted

Functional Nanoparticles DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100884 Tunable, Ultrasensitive pH-Responsive Nanoparticles Targeting Specific Endocytic Organelles in Living Cells** Kejin Zhou, Yiguang Wang, Xiaonan Huang, Katherine Luby-Phelps, Baran D. Sumer, and Jinming Gao* In recent years, multifunctional nanoparticles have received considerable attention in many applications such as biosen- sors, diagnostic nanoprobes, and targeted drug delivery.[1] These efforts have been driven to a large extent by the

Didactic Answers 1. Epimysium surrounds A. skeletal muscle fibers B. cardiomyocytes C. smooth muscle cells D. skeletal muscle fascicles E. skeletal muscles 2. Perimysium surrounds A. skeletal muscle fibers B. cardiomyocytes C. smooth muscle cells D. skeletal muscle fascicles E. skeletal muscles 3. Endomysium surrounds A. skeletal muscle fibers B. cardiomyocytes C. smooth muscle cells D. skeletal muscle fascicles E. skeletal muscles 4. Fascicles are A. groupings of

We are interested in building small organic molecules and studying their functions in biological systems. Our lab started in 2004 using state-of-the-art tools to address challenging issues in the field of natural product synthesis. 

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2013;12:2110-2120. Published OnlineFirst July 24, 2013.Mol Cancer Ther    Erik A. Bey, Kathryn E. Reinicke, Melissa C. Srougi, et al.   Directed Programmed Necrosis in NQO1-Positive Breast Cancers −Induced PARP1 Hyperactivation−-LapachoneβCatalase Abrogates   Updated version   10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0962doi: Access the most recent version of this article at:   Material Supplementary   http://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/suppl/2013/07/24/1535-7163.MCT-12-0962.DC1.html Access