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Didactic Questions 1. Epimysium surrounds A. skeletal muscle fibers B. cardiomyocytes C. smooth muscle cells D. skeletal muscle fascicles E. skeletal muscles 2. Perimysium surrounds A. skeletal muscle fibers B. cardiomyocytes C. smooth muscle cells D. skeletal muscle fascicles E. skeletal muscles 3. Endomysium surrounds A. skeletal muscle fibers B. cardiomyocytes C. smooth muscle cells D. skeletal muscle fascicles E. skeletal muscles 4. Fascicles are A. groupings of

Mechanisms of myoblast fusion during muscle development Ji Hoon Kim1, Peng Jin1, Rui Duan1, and Elizabeth H. Chen1,2 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Abstract The development and regeneration of skeletal muscles require the fusion of mononulceated muscle cells to form multinucleated, contractile muscle fibers. Studies using a simple genetic model, Drosophila melanogaster, have discovered many evolutionarily

1 updated May 2025 FRDA fibroblasts Short alleles < 499 repeats Medium alleles 500 – 999 repeats Long alleles >1000 repeats B - indicates line established from a second, independent skin biopsy of the same individual nd - not determined Cell Line Sex Sampling Age Age of Onset GAA repeats Allele 1 Allele 2 4 M 30 11 597 848 21 M 35 8 622 738 50 M 33 13 353 616 66 M 70 41 110 590 68 F 21 7 570 1200 86 F 30 18 367 780 88 F 50 16 520 520 90 F 29 7 556 556

1 Napierala Lab protocol for culturing human iPSCs (May 2022) For details, please refer to “Maintenance of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in mTeSR™1” Technical Manual (STEMCELL Technologies). Necessary Reagents Reagent Company Catalog Number BD MATRIGEL HESC-QUALIFIED Fisher Scientific 08-774-552 mTeSRTM1 Complete Kit STEMCELL Technologies 85850 Cryostor CS10 STEMCELL Technologies 07930 Dispase 1U/mL, 100mL STEMCELL Technologies 07923 Stemolecule Y27632 Stemgent 04-0012

The Science Teacher46 For the past six summers, the Northwest Association for Biomedical Re- search (NWABR) has provided an in-depth weeklong professional development program for teachers titled “Ethics in the Science Classroom.” This program, funded by a Science Education Partnership Award from the National Center for Research Resources at the National Institutes of Health, has provided nearly 150 teachers with background in ethical reasoning and science content related to controversial

Invasive Podosomes and Myoblast Fusion Elizabeth H. Chen Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA I. OVERVIEW Myoblast fusion is critical for the development, maintenance, and regeneration of skeletal muscles. Despite the identification of many fusion-related molecules in the past decades, the cellular mechanics of myoblast membrane fusion have just begun to be understood. Recent studies using the fruit fly

1 Joseph Martin Ready Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390-9038 (214) 648-0313 joseph.ready@utsouthwestern.edu Employment 2012 – Professor, UT Southwestern 2009 – Director, Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, UT Southwestern 2007 – 2012 Associate Professor, UT Southwestern 2007 – Chair, chemistry training track, UT Southwestern 2003 – 2007 Assistant Professor, UT Southwestern and

People & Ideas JCB • VOLUME 206 • NUMBER 5 • 2014576 M ost cells in the body are solo entities, self-contained within a cell membrane. But there are certain cases in which cells meld together. Skeletal muscle cells, for example, are multinucleate syncytia that form through the process of cell–cell fusion. Osteo- clasts, a type of cell involved in bone remodeling, also fuse together to promote better bone resorption. And you would not be reading this article were it not for a

An Ionic Hydrogel-Based Antifreezing Triboelectric Nanogenerator Binbin Ying, Runze Zuo, Yilun Wan, and Xinyu Liu* Cite This: ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 2022, 4, 1930−1938 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: The rapid development of stretchable electronics and soft robotics requires a sustainable power source that can match their mechanical stretchability in various working environ- ments. Ionic hydrogel-based soft triboelectric

| PERSPECTIVES Sex and the Single Fly: A Perspective on the Career of Bruce S. Baker Deborah J. Andrew,* Elizabeth H. Chen,†,‡,§ Devanand S. Manoli,**,†† Lisa C. Ryner,‡‡ and Michelle N. Arbeitman§§,1 *Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, †Department of Molecular Biology, ‡Department of Cell Biology, §and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390