Reversing Paralysis: Stem cell therapy aims to repair spinal cords afflicted by rare disorder
DALLAS – Oct. 8, 2018 – In his dreams Don Winspear can still slow dance with his wife, just as gracefully as when he met her in high school four decades ago.
But when he awakens, his legs are numb and immobile. A wheelchair is at his bedside.
Mr. Winspear is paralyzed from the chest down, the victim of the severest form of a rare neurological illness that struck suddenly in late 2012. He has shown no improvement since being diagnosed with transverse myelitis, yet he still dreams of walking – maybe even dancing again.
“It’s amazing how much you miss just being able to stand and hold your spouse close to you,” said Mr. Winspear, 59. “A nice, long slow dance is the best way to do that.”
An innovative treatment being tested at UT Southwestern’s Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute may help Mr. Winspear achieve his dream. By injecting patients with stem cells engineered to repair the central nervous system – called progenitor cells – scientists are working to establish the first treatment that can repair spinal cords inflamed by transverse myelitis.
If successful, the clinical trial could lead to similar therapies for more common conditions such as multiple sclerosis.
“The trial has been 15 years in the making with a huge number of hurdles,” said Dr. Benjamin Greenberg, explaining the challenges of developing cells that could both find the damaged area and fix the problem. “It offers real hope to people like Don.”
Paralyzing disease
Transverse myelitis is caused by an inflammation in the spinal cord that damages myelin, a protective coating around neurons. The damage inhibits communication between nerve fibers in the spinal cord and the rest of the body, resulting in partial or total paralysis. Most patients at least moderately recover within a few months, while a slim minority face permanent paralysis.
UT Southwestern’s clinical trial will study the safety and effectiveness of implanting these cells into the spinal cord. Ultimately, the hope is to reverse paralysis in patients like Mr. Winspear.
The trial will begin with nine participants with the most severe form of transverse myelitis. Each will receive a one-time injection of progenitor cells designed to produce myelin along the damaged area and re-establish critical nerve signaling.
The cells have successfully repaired the central nervous system in animals and could establish new treatments for other disorders involving damaged myelin. This includes multiple sclerosis and an array of brain and spinal cord conditions such as neuromyelitis optica.
Tragedy strikes
The chance of enduring a transverse myelitis attack in any given year is as little as 1 in a million – less likely than getting struck by lightning. But it did strike Mr. Winspear, in the worst of ways and during one of the happiest times of his life.
Mr. Winspear and his wife were in North Carolina for their older son’s wedding when he started feeling lower-back pain and intense tingling in his feet.
“I was uncomfortable but just wanted to focus on the beauty of the occasion,” said Mr. Winspear, a longtime Dallas resident. “I took some pain killers, but it only got worse.”
The night after the wedding he went to the hospital where doctors ordered imaging and noticed a lesion on his spinal cord. While walking back to the gurney he struggled to keep his balance, and within the hour he could no longer uncross his legs as numbness crept up his body.
“It didn’t slow down. I was scared to death,” Mr. Winspear said. “I was thinking, ‘What if it doesn’t stop?’”
After learning the diagnosis, Mr. Winspear’s son did a quick internet search and saw that UT Southwestern is one of only two places in the country focused on transverse myelitis.
Lifestyle changes
Mr. Winspear was flown by air ambulance back to Dallas and admitted to an intensive care unit at UT Southwestern where he soon met with Dr. Greenberg, one of the nation’s leading experts on the disorder.
Dr. Greenberg described it as a “whopper of a case” of spinal cord inflammation that forced Mr. Winspear to make long-term, drastic lifestyle changes. Some of his favorite hobbies – from hiking and canoeing to skydiving and scuba diving – were replaced with months of adapting to life as a paraplegic and learning to maneuver in his wheelchair.
“I was frustrated,” Mr. Winspear said. “Moreover I had an incredible sense of guilt because of what this would impose on my wife. She didn’t sign up for this.”
Mr. Winspear had cared for his wife through two bouts of cancer and knew firsthand the challenges of being a caregiver under such difficult circumstances.
Retired from teaching, Ellen Winspear had been looking forward to traveling with her husband before the transverse myelitis hit. She now shifted her focus to helping him through his own ordeal.
“As a caregiver you feel so helpless,” Mrs. Winspear said. “You do the necessary things to get through the day, but all you can give is your support. Sometimes that didn’t feel like it was enough.”
‘Science is paying attention’
Mr. Winspear disagrees. He said his wife’s support helped him weather one of the toughest stretches of his life, both physically and emotionally. He Mr. Winspear has gradually adjusted to his condition and can do many tasks independently, including driving to restaurants, meetings, and other activities.
He still works as a marketing research consultant and in his free time stays physically active. He uses an elliptical-type glider for cardio exercise and a neuromuscular electrical stimulator to work out his leg muscles.
Mr. Winspear is cautiously optimistic UT Southwestern’s stem cell therapy can help in some way; even the ability to use a walker would be gratifying, he said.
Dr. Greenberg is similarly hopeful the treatment can provide some benefit.
“There’s nothing worse than having a sense of hopelessness,” said Dr. Greenberg, who has led long-term efforts to collect biologic samples from myelitis patients to help develop treatments. “It’s exquisitely meaningful to show patients with these rare diseases that science is paying attention.”
Mrs. Winspear is more than hoping for the best. She’s expecting it. And besides a slow dance with her husband, she’s already looking forward to a leisurely walk down the street while holding hands.
“His wheelchair is fast,” she joked. “I’ve needed my jogging shoes to keep up with him.”
About the clinical trial
Q Therapeutics, a developer of clinical-stage cell therapies for central nervous system diseases, is providing the progenitor cells and trial support. The Transverse Myelitis Association, a nonprofit advocacy organization dedicated to rare neuro-immune disorders, will help locate participants and facilitate their travel to Dallas. The trial is funded in part by Q Therapeutics, the Transverse Myelitis Association, the Lyda Hill Foundation, and the M.R. and Evelyn Hudson Foundation.
The trial is overseen by Dr. Greenberg, who leads the Conquer programs at UT Southwestern, including the Transverse Myelitis and Neuromyelitis Optica Program and the Pediatric Conquer Program at Children’s Medical Center Dallas. He is an Associate Professor of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics and Pediatrics, a Distinguished Teaching Professor, and a Cain Denius Scholar in Mobility Disorders.
For more information about the trial, contact Jan Cameron Watts at jan.cameronwatts@utsouthwestern.edu or 214-648-0363.
Disclosure statement: Dr. Benjamin Greenberg serves (unpaid) on the board of the Transverse Myelitis Association.
About UT Southwestern Medical Center
UT Southwestern, one of the premier academic medical centers in the nation, integrates pioneering biomedical research with exceptional clinical care and education. The institution’s faculty has received six Nobel Prizes, and includes 22 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 16 members of the National Academy of Medicine, and 15 Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators. The faculty of more than 2,700 is responsible for groundbreaking medical advances and is committed to translating science-driven research quickly to new clinical treatments. UT Southwestern physicians provide care in about 80 specialties to more than 105,000 hospitalized patients, nearly 370,000 emergency room cases, and oversee approximately 2.4 million outpatient visits a year.